小学教师教学参考:“花费”的种种表达 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/12/30 19:04 新浪教育 |
在英语中,spend, cost, take, pay这四个词均含有“花费”之意,但它们在用法上却有所不同。请看: 1. spend意为“花费”时,其宾语一般是表示金钱或时间的名词,在主动语态中只能用人作主语。它可构成如下句式: Sb. spends some money on / for sth. Sb. spends some money to buy sth. Sb. spends some time (in) doing sth. 例句: (1) I spent 5 yuan on an English book.(=I spent 5 yuan to buy an English book.) 我花了五元钱买一本英语书。 (2) He spent 4,000 yuan on (for) a new TV set.他花4,000 元买了一台新电视机。 (3) She spent much time(in) correcting students' exercise. 她花了很多时间批改学生的作业。 (4) He spent two hours (in) watching TV. 他用两个小时看电视。 2. cost 可以指花费时间、金钱、劳力等,它只能用事物做主语,不能用于被动语态,一般用双宾语。它可构成下面句式: Sth. costs sb. some money. Sth. / Doing sth. costs sb. some time. 例句: (1) The bike cost him more than three hundred yuan. 这辆自行车他花了三百多元。 (2) The coat cost me $8.这件上衣花了我8美元。 (3) The work cost ten hours. 这工作花了十个小时的时间。 (4) It will cost you $ 50 to fly to Paris. 飞往巴黎你需要50美元。 (cost有时也可用it 作形式主语) 3. take既可以指花费时间,又可以指花费金钱。与表示时间的词连用时,主语一般不用或很少用表示人的词,而要用it作形式主语,而真正的主语通常用不定式,放于句末。它可构成如下句式: It takes sb. some time to do sth. Sth. takes sb. some time to do. To do sth. takes sb. some time. 例句: (1) It took me two months to finish the work. (= The work took me two months to finish. / To finish the work took me two months.) 完成这项工作我花了两个月的时间。 (2) It took her one hour to finish the composition. (=She spent one hour (in) finishing the composition.) 她用一个小时写完了那篇作文。 (3) It will take us a whole week to travel through the forest. 要穿过这片森林我们得花整整一周的时间。 此外,take也可以表示花费力气,占用地方等,含有“需要”的意思。 (4) It takes many men to build a house. 建造一幢房屋需要很多人。 (5) It takes ten million dollars to build a plane. 造一架飞机需要一千万美元。 (6) It takes money to do the work. 做这个工作需要钱。 4. pay的主语必须是“人”,其宾语可以是人,也可以是钱。它只能指花费金钱。它可构成如下结构: Sb. pays some money for sth. 例句: (1) How much did you pay for that car?你买那辆车花了多少钱? (2) He paid twenty dollars for the book. (=He spent twenty dollars on the book.) 他花了二十美元买那本书。 (3) You'd better not pay money back. 你最好不要还钱。 (4) The man has paid off all his debts. 这个人已经还清了全部债务。 (文/李海燕;英语辅导报小学教师版04~05学年第17期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |