双语：“电子香烟”荣登牛津词典2014年度热词
vape：电子香烟导语：还记得2013年牛津词典的年度热词吗？与去年十分接地气的“自拍”（selfie）相比，今年的热词更加关注社会健康问题。
Oxford’s lexicographers keep watch over billions of words every month—from literary novels to academic journals to blogs—and at the end of the year they put their brainy heads together to select a single word that best embodies thezeitgeist. Out of this year’s haze of nominees and debate emerged four little letters。
《牛津大词典》的编纂者们每个月都会严密“监视”各个领域的数十亿的单词：从文学小说到学术期刊再到博客。每年年底，他们都会集思广益，选出最能代表年度精神的一个词。而今年从众多“竞选者”中脱引而出的是一个只有四个字母的单词。
Oxford’s word of the year for 2014 is vape。
2014牛津词典年度热词为：吸(电子烟)。
Vape, a verb meaning to inhale and exhale the vapor produced by an electronic cigarette or similar device, beat out everything from bae to normcore。It was coined in the late 1980s when companies like RJR Nabisco wereexperimenting with the first “smokeless” cigarettes. But, after years of languishing, the word is back, needed to distinguish a growing new habit fromold-fashioned smoking. According to Oxford’s calculations, usage of vape,which as a noun can refer to an e-cigarette or similar device, more thandoubled between 2013 and 2014.
在击败包括bae(类似baby，一种肉麻的呼唤爱人的方法)和normcore(把寻常的不时尚的服装刻意当成时装来穿)在内的大波竞争对手之后，动词vape成为2014牛津年度热词，它表示吸入或呼出电子烟类产品产生的烟雾。它的出现可以追溯到上个世纪80年代末期，当时美国的雷诺兹-纳贝斯克烟草公司正在研发世界上第一支“无烟”香烟。然而，在消失多年之后，vape重新出现在人们面前，标志着吸烟新风尚的到来。根据牛津词典的统计，2013和2014间，vape(也可以用作名词表电子烟)使用上升了一倍多。
“It’s hard to anticipate what’s going to capture the public imagination at any given moment,” Casper Grathwohl, president of Oxford’sdictionaries division, tells TIME. “Vape only really caughton a few years ago and now we’ve seen a dramatic rise。”
“在任何时刻，你都无法估计什么将会抓住公众的眼球”，牛津词典部主席卡Casper·Grathwohl告诉《时代周刊》，“电子烟几年前才刚流行起来，如今使用者却急剧增加。”
But, he notes, Oxford doesn’t choose a word of the year simply based on howmuch ink has been spilt writing it. “A word is just the surface of somethingthat often has a really complex and rich life underneath,” he says。
然而，他也提到，牛津词典对年度热词的评选不仅仅基于使用频率。“热词表层之下必须蕴含复杂而丰富的社会现象，”他说。
On the surface, vape’s selection captures the exploding popularityof e-cigarettes—which, effectively invented in 2003, are suddenly close to a $2 billion market. It also memorializes this year’s historic opening of legal marijuana shops, where residents in Colorado and Washington state can buy vape pens (devices that vaporize liquids containing nicotine or cannabisinto forms users can inhale) for about $60.
表面来看，vape的胜出标志着电子烟的流行。2003年，实用的电子烟才刚刚被发明出来，而今天它却代表着将近20亿美元的市场。同时，vape的胜出也记录了大麻药店合法化这一历史性时刻：在美国科罗拉多和华盛顿州，居民可以以60美元的价格购得电子烟杆(一种可以使包含尼古丁和大麻的液体蒸发成可呼出气体的设备)。
Deeper, Grathwohl says, the word has ties to our preoccupations with freedomand health and legislation. “Vape has been a lightning rod for a lot of discussion about the positions we want to take as a society,” he says.How great of a health problem are (e-)cigarettes and what place do they have in our culture? What should be kept out of public spaces? What should be regulatedby the government? The word vape could find itself in answers to allthose questions。
从更深层次来讲，Grathwohl说，vape也体现了我们对自由、健康和法律的关注，“当我们讨论社会该何去何从时，vape已经成为一个不断出现的‘避雷针’”，他说。(电子)香烟的到底有多健康？他们在我们文化中应该处于什么样的位置？什么应该远离公共领域？什么又应该被政府管制？vape也许能为我们解答这些问题。
Oxford’s 2014 selection was on another level a balancing act, countering the cuteness of their word of the year in 2013: selfie. Though last year’s selection went viral—and proclaiming words of the year is partly an exercise in getting free publicity—Grathwohl says they felt the selection needed to be a little more serious this year. That is, perhaps, why some of these words madetheir short list but did not rise to the top:
与2013年牛津词典的热词“自拍”(selfie)相对，今年热词的选择体现了平衡原则。尽管去年的选择取得了“病毒式传播”的效果，而今年的热词宣布也将使其声名远，但Grathwohl表示他们对今年热词的选择需要更加慎重。这也许是以下候选新词没有夺冠的原因。
bae (n., slang)： a term of endearment for one’s romanticpartner, likely a shortening of baby or babe, though sometheorize that it is an acronym for “before anyone else。” The word can also beused as an adjective to describe something good or cool。
bae(名词，俚语)：类似baby或者babe，一种肉麻的呼唤爱人的方法，但有些观点声称bae是“before anyone else”(排在所有人之前)的缩写。Bae可以用作形容词，表事物很棒。
budtender (n.)： someone who works at a medical marijuanadispensary or retail marijuana shop。
budtender (名词)：大麻药店或者大麻商店的柜员
contactless (adj.)： describingtechnologies that allow a smart card, etc., to connect wirelessly to anelectronic reader, typically in order to make a payment。
contactless (形容词)： 一种智能卡或者智能手机等设备使用的技术，通过该技术可以在电子读卡器上进行无线读取，一般多用于支付。
indyref (n., slang)：an abbreviated form of Scotland’s failedreferendum to declare independence from the United Kingdom。
indyref (名词，俚语)：independence referendum的缩合词，指2014年9月18日举行的苏格兰独立公投。
normcore (n.)： a fashion movement inwhich ordinary, unfashionable clothing is worn as a deliberate statement。
normcore (名词)：把寻常的不时尚的服装刻意当成时装来穿，是一种比较低调的穿衣风格。
slacktivist (n.)： one who engages indigital activism on the Web which is regarded as requiring little time orinvolvement. Also slacktivism。
slacktivist (名词)： 懒人行动者。通过网络对某些政治或社会事业表示支持，但是参与者不想投入时间也不想参与其中，比如只是签署在线请愿书，转发就是顶，点赞就是支持。也叫做懒人行动主义。
Oxford’s selection is the first of many big ones to come before 2014’sword-anointing season ends in early January。
牛津词典的年度热词是2014年各大热词排行榜中第一个公布的，其余的在一月初都会陆续公布。
（来源：时代周刊；编译：卢頔）
