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考研英语高分策略：语法考点大突破 (10)
【结构分析】本句的主干是he acknowledges that…，其中that引导名词性从句作宾语。在此从句中，去掉插入语including nonstandard ones like Black English，得到主干为all varieties of human language can be powerfully expressive，破折号后是前句的同位语成分，进行递进说明，表现为一个there提前的全部倒装。在此部分中，that引导定语从句that cannot convey complex ideas修饰language or dialect。
【参考译文】作为语言学家，他声称所有类型的人类语言其中包括黑人英语这样的非标准语言都有强大的表现力，在世界上不存在任何不能够表达复杂思想的语言或方言。
【真题例句】This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in，a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. (2005-48)
【结构分析】本句的主干在句首，This alone demonstrates that…，that引导宾语从句the television business is not an easy world to survive in，不定式短语to survive in 为后置定语修饰world。逗号后a fact为宾语从句的同位语，过去分词underlined by statistics作fact的后置定语。在此部分中，statistics的修饰语由that引导的定语从句that show…，关系代词that在从句中作主语。在此定语从句中，show的宾语由从句that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989充当。
【参考译文】这一点就足以表明，要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事。统计数字尤其说明了这一事实。数据表明，在80多个欧洲电视网中，多达一半在1989年遭受亏损。
【真题例句】He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations。(2008-46)
【结构分析】本句是复合句。He believes that…是主句部分。名词性从句that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage…作believes的宾语。其中of连接的介宾短语作advantage的后置定语，宾语的部分由动名词短语forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence与and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations充当。
【参考译文】他认为，正是这个困难起了弥补能力欠缺的作用，迫使他长时间专注地考虑每一个句子，从而在推理和自己的观察中发现错误。
【真题例句】Darvin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character。(2008-50)
【结构分析】本句主干是Darvin was convinced that…。其中宾语部分由that引导的名词性从句充当，从句的结构是the loss of these tastes was not only…, but…be injurious to…, and more probably to…，是一个主系表结构，表语部分由三个并列平行结构充当。
【参考译文】达尔文认为，对(音乐和绘画方面)兴趣的丧失，失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且可能会伤害到智力，更有甚者还可能伤害到道德。
【真题例句】This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is an advantage in not being too terrifically bright。(2009完形)
【结构分析】本句主干为This suggests…，后跟两个that引导的名词性从句that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is an advantage in not being too terrifically bright作宾语。注意suggest翻译为“表明”。
【参考译文】这表明暗淡的灯泡使用时间更长，也表明暗淡是灯泡的一个优势。
【真题例句】We believe that if animals ran the labs, they would test us to determine the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain。(2009完形)
【结构分析】本句中We believe that…是句子的主干部分，其中believe的宾语由that引导的名词性从句充当。在从句中，包含if引导的条件状语从句。注意使用了与现在相反的虚拟语气。
【参考译文】我们认为如果动物也能进行试验的话，他们会测定我们的忍耐度、忠诚度以及对地形的记忆力。
注意：宾语从句成分完整时，that有时可以省略。
【真题例句】Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream。(2003阅读1)
【结构分析】本句主干为Straifford president George Friedman says…，其中says后是省略了that的宾语从句，词组see…as…译为“把……看成……”，逗号后面a spymaster’s dream是同位语，对宾语从句进行补充说明。
【参考译文】斯特福德公司的总裁乔治·弗莱德曼说，网络世界是一个收集情报和发送情报的工具，两者之间还能相互强化，是间谍头子梦寐以求的场所。
【真题例句】Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing。”(2004阅读4)
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