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考研英语高分策略：语法考点大突破 (7)
【参考译文】自然科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然学家研究自然科学现象一样，用理性、有序、系统以及冷静客观的方式研究人类及其行为。
【真题例句】Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in threestar restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools。(2000阅读5)
【结构分析】本句的主干是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。其后的which引导非限定性定语从句which now more than ever seem in ample supply，修饰先行词spectacles，关系代词which指代先行词在从句中作主语。冒号后是spectacles的同位语，对其进行解释说明，由三个并列平行结构构成。其中第二个平行结构中包括一个who引导的定语从句who takes his meals in threestar restaurants，关系代词who在从句中作主语，指代先行词publisher；最后一个平行结构中whose引导非限制性定语从句whose own children are enrolled in private schools，whose作own children的定语，指代先行词journalist。注意本题中spectacles具有贬义，泛指虚伪的事物。
【参考译文】相反，人们以美好的虚伪景象款待我们(这些虚伪景象似乎比以往任何时候都多)：批判美国式物质主义的人却在南安普顿拥有消夏别墅；出版激进书籍的人却在三星饭店用餐；倡导在人生各个阶段实行参与民主制的记者，却让自己的子女在私立学校上学。
(二)关系副词引导的定语从句
1。关系副词when引导的定语从句，该关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语。
【真题例句】Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. (2001-73)
【结构分析】本句的主干是Pearson has pieced together the work…to produce…，不定式结构to produce a unique millennium technology calendar作目的状语。calendar后为由that引导的定语从句that gives the latest dates…，that在从句中代替calendar作主语。此定语从句中又包含关系副词when引导的定语从句when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place修饰先行词dates，关系代词when在从句中作状语，理解为“在那些时期”。
【参考译文】皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看见数百项重大突破和发现的最近日期。
【真题例句】Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries。(2002阅读2)
【结构分析】逗号后为本句主句researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries，句首部分介宾短语Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s所作的让步状语，其中关系副词 when引导定语从句when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010修饰1960s and 1970s， when在从句中作状语，理解为在60年代和70年代。在此定语从句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010。注意it appeared翻译为“看起来”。
【参考译文】尽管在20世纪60年代和70年代情况很乐观，因为在那时看起来晶体管电路和微处理器或许可以在2010年前就能够复制人脑的活动，但是，研究人员最近已开始把这一预言推迟了不是几个世纪就是几十年。
2。关系副词where引导的定语从句，该关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语。
【真题例句】“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch。(2004阅读4)
【结构分析】本句为直接引语，主干为Schools have always been in a society。关系副词where引导定语从句where practical is more important than intellectual修饰先行词society，where在定语从句中作地点状语，我们理解为in this society，并且该从句使用了比较级，注意practical与intellectual均翻译成名词。
【参考译文】“学校一直处于重视实用甚于学识的社会之中”，教育作家黛安·莱维西说。
【真题例句】Finally, there are openaccess archives, where originations such as universities of international laboratories support institutional repositories。(2008阅读2)
【结构分析】本句主句由there be句型构成。关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句where originations…support institutional repositories修饰先行词openaccess，where在定语从句中作状语，我们可以理解为“in openaccess archives”， 翻译为“在开放档案室中，……”。
【参考译文】最后是开放档案室，在这里大学或国际实验室一类的组织支持机构储备文章。
3。关系副词whereby引导的定语从句，该关系副词在定语从句中作方式状语。
【真题例句】Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. (2003阅读1)
【结构分析】本句的主干为Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like…，其中sound like理解为系表结构，表语部分backandforthing(动名词)后接一个whereby引导的定语从句whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations…，whereby指代by + 先行词back-and-forthing，在从句中作方式状语，译为“借这种反反复复……”。句末的on the chance they might be wrong作状语表示原因。
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