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2010年考研英语真题同源难句精选(3)
【难句14】If I ever had any doubts about how demanding a teacher’s job is, it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)
【结构分析】本句的结构清晰，为主从复合句。it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools为主句部分，其中包含一个when引导的时间状语从句when I spent some time recently in schools。If引导的条件状语从句中，had any doubts about后的宾语由how引导的名词性从句how demanding a teacher’s job is充当，how与形容词demanding相连作从句的表语。注意整个句子使用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句为if+had done，主句为would/could/should/might+have done的形式。
【参考译文】如果说我以前还曾怀疑教师的工作有多吃力，那么当我最近在学校中待了一段时间后，我永远改变了原来的想法。
【难句15】The teachers who took part in the program also told me of their worries that they might be force-feeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure they grasped the importance to them of what they were being taught. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)
【结构分析】本句成分复杂。主语The teachers 后跟who引导的定语从句who took part in the program also told me of their worries…作修饰语，关系代词who在从句中作主语。told后我们可以认为是双宾语(对象+内容)，直接宾语部分their worries后跟that引导的名词性从句that they might be forcefeeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure…说明worries的具体内容。ensure后面的宾语是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句they grasped the importance to them of…，grasped的宾语the importance of…被不定式结构to them分隔，of构成的介宾短语的宾语由what引导的名词性从句充当，且从句使用了被动语态的现在进行时。
【参考译文】参与节目的老师们还告诉我，他们担心自己可能是在向学生强行灌输知识与信息，而不是激励他们讨论，以此保证他们能掌握他们所学知识的要领。
【难句16】The trouble with that approach is that consumers tend to prefer devices that require simply plugging them in, without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features common to home networks. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)
【结构分析】本句主干很清晰，是主系表结构。其中表语部分由that引导的名词性从句that consumers tend to prefer devices…充当。device后是that引导的定语从句 that require simply plugging them in…,关系代词that在从句中作主语。逗号后的介词短语 without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features…作从句中的伴随状语(在翻译时我们可以转译为定语)，句末的形容词结构common to home networks后置作features的定语。
【参考译文】这一方式的问题在于，消费者更喜欢不需要创立复杂的无线电频道、安全保护以及家庭网络所共有的其他特性，便可以简单插入的装置。
【难句17】Davies says guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use. (The Guardian Oct. 3, 2007)
【结构分析】本句不难，主句谓语says后是省略了that的宾语从句guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use。注意两个between的使用。第一个between与后面的and 相连，构成being flexible enough to…and providing enough detail to…结构，第二个between后跟disciplines表示“各学科之间”，并且前后都使用了be enough to do的形式。
【参考译文】戴维斯说，指导规范必须在足够灵活考虑各学科的不同点和提供充足的可操作的细节之间寻求一种平衡。
【难句18】In its 16 years of operation it has found the first convincing evidence for the existence of black holes, made observations supporting the theory that the universe’s expansion is accelerating and confirmed that dark matter exists. (The Economist Nov. 2, 2006)
【结构分析】去掉句首介宾In its 16 years of operation作的时间状语，以and为切入点，得到主句it has found…, made…and confirmed…其中made后的宾语中，包含现在分词结构supporting the theory…作的伴随状语，在此伴随状语中，that引导同位语从句that the universe’s expansion is accelerating解释说明theory的内容；而confirmed后的宾语由that引导的名词性从句that dark matter exists充当。
【参考译文】在它运行的16年中，首次发现了关于黑洞的令人信服的证据，很多观测都支持宇宙加速膨胀的理论并确认暗物质的存在。
三、非谓语动词
【难句19】The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards, leading to a similar loss of efficiency. (The Economist Nov. 30, 2006)
【结构分析】本句是一个简单句，为一个主系表结构The energy is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards，使用了as…as…结构，其中被比较的对象that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards中，that指代上文的energy，过去分词结构needed to…作后置定语体现被动。其中主语energy由过去分词结构used to separate oxygen from air before burning 作后置定语体现被动；句末的现在分词结构leading to a similar loss of efficiency作全句的结果状语。
【参考译文】燃烧前将氧气从空气中分离所需的能源几乎不亚于上述将氮气过滤所需的耗费，这就使得两者在效率损失上不相上下。
【难句20】Some great manufacturers and great service companies may have become too lean in their relentless drive to reduce costs, outsourcing not just their non-core activities but essential ones too. (The Economist Jun. 15, 2006)
【结构分析】本句不难，逗号前为主句Some great manufacturers and great service companies may have become too lean in their relentless drive to reduce costs,使用了too…to…结构，句末的现在分词结构outsourcing not just their noncore activities but essential ones too作伴随状语，进一步补充说明reduce costs的具体内容。
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