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2010年考研英语真题同源难句精选(5)
【参考译文】在我所见到的同年龄段的孩子们中，在我和他们的老师只给了一点儿提示的情况下，见证他们如何快速地领会人权的整体观念，如何认识到人权与他们的生活密切相关，这一点是非常让人兴奋的。
【难句28】What was interesting was how quickly, by using relevant and local examples where possible, the pupils cottoned on to how the interplay of rights and responsibilities could affect their lives, and so became active and engaged participants in the classroom debates. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)
【结构分析】本句体现了逗号分隔。主语部分由what引导的名词性从句充当，what在从句中作主语。表语由how引导的从句充当，被插入的方式状语by using relevant and local examples where possible分隔。去掉分隔，我们连接为What was interesting was how quickly the pupils cottoned on to how the interplay of rights and responsibilities could affect their lives, and so became active and engaged participants in the classroom debates。注意表语从句由and so连接了两个谓语cottoned on(理解)和became active and engaged participants，并且cottoned on to(理解)后的宾语也由how引导的从句充当。在翻译时，我们仍然将分隔部分所作的状语提前。
【参考译文】有意思的是，通过讲述可能发生在身边与自己息息相关的例子，学生们很快地理解了权利与责任间的相互作用是怎样影响他们的生活，然后更积极主动地参加课堂讨论。
【难句29】It is only when the environment demands our attention—a dog barks, a child cries, a telephone rings—that our mental time machines switch themselves off and deposit us with a bump in the here and now. (Time Jan. 19, 2007)
【结构分析】本句是破折号分隔。分隔部分a dog barks, a child cries, a telephone rings分隔了原本的强调句型It is only when the environment demands our attention that our mental time machines switch themselves off and deposit us with a bump in the here and now。被强调的部分是when引导的状语从句表示时间。分隔部分由三个并列的名词短语构成，举例说明前文the environment的具体情况。
【参考译文】只有在环境需要我们的注意的时候——狗在吠，孩子哭，电话铃响——我们的精神时间机制才会自动关闭，且让我们在此时此地受到一击。
【难句30】Nokia, which has made emerging markets a priority, continues to introduce low-cost phones designed for markets where many users do not have access to reliable electricity, and may not even be able to read. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)
【结构分析】本句是逗号分隔，体现为非限制性定语从句。which has made emerging markets a priority分隔了主谓部分，去掉分隔，得到Nokia continues to introduce lowcost phones designed for markets where many users do not have access to reliable electricity, and may not even be able to read。我们注意到markets后是一个关系副词where引导的定语从句where many users do not have access to reliable electricity，and may not even be able to read，where在从句中作状语，相当于in which。在翻译时，我们根据汉语习惯，将定语从句转译为全句的状语，并根据其使用了完成时态翻译为“……后”。
【参考译文】在新兴市场中取得了优先地位后，诺基亚继续引进低成本的手机，这些手机是针对不能获得可靠电力甚至可能是不识字的使用者构成的市场而设计的。
五、被动语态
【难句31】Car drivers can buy electro-petrol hybrids but aircraft are, for now, stuck with kerosene, because its energy-density makes it the only practical fuel to carry around in the air. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)
【结构分析】以连词but为切入点，本句包含两个并列分句。其中第二个并列分句aircraft are, for now, stuck with kerosene, because its energydensity makes it the only practical fuel to carry around in the air包含because引导的原因状语从句，使用了make it sth。(使它成为……)结构，主句aircraft are, for now, stuck with kerosene使用了被动语态，并由介词短语for now分隔，连接后得到aircraft are stuck with kerosene，翻译时为符合汉语习惯译为主动。
【参考译文】小汽车司机可以购买电力汽油混合动力的汽车，但是飞机只能用煤油，因为它的能量密度使其成为唯一可以在空中携带的燃料。
【难句32】It can be plugged into a hand-held device (such as a mobile phone, music player or portable games console) to power or recharge it, and has sufficient capacity to provide around 30 hours of talk-time on a mobile phone, or 60~80 hours of playback time for an iPod music player. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)
【结构分析】去掉括号内的举例补充说明，以and为切入点，得到It can be plugged into a handheld device to power or recharge it, and has sufficient capacity to provide…, and并列了两个谓语，前一谓语使用了被动语态be plugged，翻译时我们可转译为主动，后一谓语的宾语补足语to provide后的宾语由or并列，分别为around 30 hours of talktime on a mobile phone和60~80 hours of playback time for an iPod music player。
【参考译文】它可以放入手持设备(比如手机、音乐播放器或便携式游戏机)给其提供能源或充电，足以供一部手机通话30小时，或者一台iPod音乐播放器播放60到80小时。
【难句33】Questions are increasingly being asked by the councils about how they can be sure that misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide. (The Guardian Oct. 3, 2007)
【结构分析】本句使用了被动语态的现在进行时结构，主干为Questions are increasingly being asked about…，施动者by the councils构成了分隔结构。在翻译时，我们可以化被动为主动，the councils are increasingly asking questions about…，介词about后的宾语由how引导的从句how they can be sure…充当，这里又包含一个特殊的结构“主语+adj.+从句”，that引导的名词性从句 misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide中，grants后是一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作provide的宾语。
【参考译文】各委员会越来越多地提出问题——关于他们如何能够确保在他们同意的情况下避免发生处理不当的行为。
【难句34】It’s much easier to say “Great idea!” when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team, than it is to take the time to explain why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)
【结构分析】本句成分复杂。以逗号为切入点，得到一个比较结构It’s much easier to say “Great idea!”…than…。it是形式主语，前半部分的真正主语由不定式结构to say “Great idea!”…充当，这里包含一个when引导的时间状语从句when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team，使用了被动语态的现在完成时。后半部分真正主语为to take the time to explain…，explain后的宾语是why引导的宾语从句 why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file。在翻译时，我们将状语提前，且化被动为主动。
【参考译文】当团队中的某个人提出了极好的解决方案时，说“好主意”要比花时间解释为什么一个职员最喜欢的想法最终被抛弃要容易得多。
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