最后25天攻克考研英语：阅读理解之细节题
今天我们来谈一谈英语考试中的重头戏：阅读。众所周知，阅读共四篇20道题，题型不尽相同，侧重点和考查点自然也有区别，而细节题则在这其中占了相当大的比重(由2014年真题可知)，下面我们就就细节题的答题方法加以阐述并例举，希望对大家有帮助。
【真题例举】
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession——with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America。
During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare。
There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard。
Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third。
The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically。
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow。
【问题】
Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states？
[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies。
[B]Admissions approval from the bar association。
[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major。
[D]Receiving training by professional associations。
【解析】
题干和选项译文：
以下哪一点增加了美国大多数州的法律教育费用？
A. 本科教育的高昂学费
B. 接受专业协会的培训
C. 律师协会的入行许可
D. 获取非相关专业的本科学历
答案：D
文中并没有比较过本科教育的学费高低，所以A选项这个比较是不存在的，况且美国没有法律本科的设置，学的都是其他学科，所以不存在更高的学费；第三段有这样的表述：a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam，请同学们注意：这里接受的教育依然是学校的而不是协会提供的，只是协会授权的(authorized)，还有就是后面所说的准备律师考试的过程很贵，所以B选项不正确；在同样的定位处，并没有谈论到来自律师协会的批准需要费用的问题，所以C选项错误；四年的其他专业+三年的法学专业，这是造成法学专业学费昂贵的原因。而且在第四段中作者也明确提出了可以不学其他专业，这样可以减少学费，所以选D。
【方法总结】
细节题，顾名思义就是考查你对细节信息的把握，而准确定位自然是能够准确把握的前提，可以学会找出选项中的关键词并定位到原文，比如，本题的关键词就是“cost”，所以要把主要目标放在三、四两段上，但由于三、四两段都在谈论费用的问题所以必须结合选项定位，本题在同样的定位处基本都能找到相关信息。做细节题还要注意一点，选项是否“无中生有”，很多考生经常会吃这个亏，比如说某一选项根据文章的意思觉得应该是这样，但其实文中却并没有找到相对应的说明，也就是说文中并没有提到这一点，这样的选项其实往往是错误的，一定要尽可能找到由明确信息对应的选项，本题可以说是这一问题的典型。
不同的题型有不同的应对方法，但对于英语阅读的复习却是应对不同题型的通用法宝，不管是词汇、长难句的积累，还是语感的把握，都能为不同解题方法的实施更好地奠定基础，大家一定要双管齐下，才能在考场上出奇制胜。
来源：文都教育
