2005年考研英语如何翻译被动语态(5)_新浪教育

2005年考研英语如何翻译被动语态(5)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/09/13 15:33 中国石化出版社

47.it为形式主语的被动语态该如何翻译? 　　可译成无主句，或者加上不确定的主语“有人”，“大家”，“人们”，“我们”等。　　不加主语时　　It is hoped that… It is stated that… 　　希望… 据称… 　　It is reported that… It has been illustrated that… 　　据报道… 据说明…，据图示… 　　It is said that… It was described that… 　　据说… 据介绍… 　　It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… It is predicted that… 　　可以毫不夸张的说… 据估计… 　　It may be safely said that… It has been proved that… 　　可以有把握地说… 已经证明… 　　It is supposed… It is expected that… 　　据推测… 可以预期… 　　It must be admitted that… It is understood that… 　　必须承认… 不用说…，很清楚… 　　It must be pointed out… It is suggested that… 　　必须指出… 有人建议… 　　It will be seen from this that… It is demonstrated that… 　　由此可见… 据证实…，已经证明… 　　It can be seen that… It is estimated that… 　　可见，可以看出… 据估计… 　　It is learned that… It is claimed that… 　　据闻，据说… 据称… 　　It has been found that… It is preferred that… 　　已经发现… 最好… 　　It is generally recognized that… It is decided that… 　　普遍认为… 已经决定… 　　It was noted above that… It is arranged that… 　　前面已经指出… 已经商定…，已做准备… 　　Ii is announced that… It cannot be denied that… 　　据称… 无可否认… 　　It has been calculated that… It is declared that… 　　据计算… 据宣称… 　　It is mentioned that… It is hypothesized that… 　　据说… 假设…，假定… 　　It is assumed that… It has been reviewed that… 　　假设…，假定… 讨论了…，检查了… 　　It was first intended that… It is outlined that… 　　最初就有这样的想法… 概括地说…可加主语的　　It is asserted that… It generally agreed that… 　　有人主张… 人们通常认为… 　　It is believed that… It is reputed that… 　　有人相信… 人们认为… 　　It is generally considered that… It is noticed that… 　　大家认为… 人们注意到…，有人指出… 　　It will be said that… It is sometimes asked that… 　　有人会说… 人们有时会问… 　　It was told that… It is noted that… 　　有人曾经说… 人们注意到…，有人指出… 　　It is found that… It has been objected that… 　　人们发现…，人们认为… 有人反驳道… 　　It is considered that… It has been shown that… 　　人们认为…，据估计… 有人指出… 　　It was felt that… It is hoped that… 　　人们认为… 人们希望… 　　It is thought that… It is pointed out that…. 　　有人认为… 有人指出… 　　It is universally accepted that… It is recommended that… 　　人们普遍认为… 有人推荐，建议… 　　It is taken that… It is stressed that… 　　人们认为… 人们强调说… 　　It is regarded that… It is proposed that… 　　人们认为… 有人提出… 　　历年真题分析　　经典例题293 On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence，but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared，and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.（1992年）　　结构分析:句子的框架是a conclusion can be drawn…only if…，and only if…。　　两个if引导的并列的条件状语从句修饰主句。两个条件状语从句中又分别有一个定语从句修饰限定各自的先行词the other和relevant information。本句考点为四处被动语态结构　　的翻译。such a conclusion can be drawn…和the child can be assumed译成无主句;he is being compared译成汉语主动态;he was not punished by lack of relevant information译成汉语被动句。only if意为“除非…才”，此句为了表达通顺而转译。the same attitude…as the other（children）译成“与其他（孩子）态度相同”。宾格句尾的代词they指the other（children）。　　参考译文总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的其他孩子的态度相同;他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而被扣分。　　经典例题294 Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.（1994年）　　结构分析:句子的框架是tools and technology…have largely been ignored by…。结构较简单，即一个被动语态结构，而且直接译成汉语的被动结构。句首的over the years不应译作“通过许多年”、“曾有许多年”、“许多年前”等等。介词over在此表示时间，意为during（在…期间）。其次是句尾的of science是修饰它前面的两个名词historians and philosophers，而不是最近的一个名词。如译为“历史学家和科学哲学家们”，认为of science是修饰philosophers，这无论在结构上还是逻辑上，都是不通的。source不应译成“资源”，而应译为“源泉，来源”，由于强调动作的承受者tools and technology，被动结构be ignored直译为被动句，应译成“被忽视”，不能译成“被否认”。　　参考译文工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。　　经典例题295 This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.（1996年）　　结构分析:句子的框架是This seems mostly effectively done by supporting…。结构较简单，即一个被动语态结构，介词by引导的整个结构做状语。此被动结构可汉译为无主句。not related to immediate goals与of possible consequences in the future由but连接作并列定语，修饰research。this指代前句中的…to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order（把科研机构作为一种资源或机器来对待以保持其职能）。mostly译为“基本上，主要地，通常地”，不应译为“最”。immediate原意为“立即的，最接近的”，本句中转译为“近期的”。of possible consequence译为“可能起作用的”或“可能有影响的”。　　参考译文给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。　　经典例题296 When that happens，it is not a mistake:it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.（1997年）　　结构分析:句子的框架是…it is not a mistake:it is mankind’s instinct…。冒号连接两个并列句。冒号后的并列句中，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at做前面的mankind’s instinct的同位语，that引导的从句为定语从句修饰instinct。被动结构be encouraged和be laughed at因强调动作的承受者an instinct，仍直译为被动句，译为“受到鼓励”和“遭到嘲弄”。when引导的时间状语从句中，that指代前文内容:To see an animal in pain is enough，for most，to engage sympathy。it is…in action意为“这是…在起作用”;reasoning不要译为“原因”，而译为“推理”。　　参考译文这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应受到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲弄。　　经典例题297 During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.（1999年）　　结构分析:句子的框架是traditional historical methods were augmented by…。介词by引导的介词结构做状语。被动结构be augmented by译成汉语的主动句，即把英语被动句的主语traditional historical methods作为宾语译成汉语主动句，by后的介词宾语additional methodologies做汉语的主语。介词结构中designed to…study是分词结构做定语，修饰methodologies。transfer根据上下文译为“转变”，不应译为“转移”;augment也应转译为“充实，扩充”;interpret虽常指“口译”，但在本文中应译为“解释”。参考译文在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。　　熟能生巧　　经典例题298 However，it has been remarked that life is an almost continuous experience of having to draw conclusions from insufficient evidence，and this is what we have to do when we make the trivial decisions as to whether or not to carry an umbrella when we leave home for work. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是it has been remarked that…。it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。因此要加译泛指性主语“人们”。从句中and连接两个并列句。后面的分句中what we have to do为名词从句做表语，when引导时间状语从句。as to意为“关于、至于”，后接whether加不定式结构，后又接when引导的时间状语从句。whether or not译为“是否”。　　参考译文然而，人们已注意到生活过程几乎是一个必须从不充分的证据中得出结论的连续历程，这就是我们对日常琐事做出决定时而不得不做的事情，譬如:当我们离家上班时，是否带雨伞就是这样。　　经典例题299 Cars and lorries could be driven by electric motors if fuel_cells，which convert fuel into electricity without burning it，can be made more efficient. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是Cars and lorries could be driven by electric motors if…。被动结构be driven by译成汉语的被动态“靠…驱动”。if引导条件状语从句。此从句中套嵌一个关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰fuel_cells。定语从句中的it指代前面提到的fuel。被动结构be made more efficient译成主动句，即“效率提高一些”。　　参考译文燃料电池可以将燃料不经燃烧直接转变为电能，如果燃料电池的效率可以提高一些，小汽车和卡车便可以靠电动机驱动。　　经典例题300 In the immeasurable length of time since this form of behavior was acquired by the human race，language has always been the best integrated and most often used medium of cultural expression. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是since…，language has always been the best integrated and most often used medium…。since引导时间状语从句。被动语态was acquired by the human race在此句中译成汉语的主动句，主语this form of behavior做汉译的宾语，by后的名词the human race译成汉语的主语，即“人类习惯了语言这种形式”。this form of behavior指主句中的language。the best integrated and most often used是过去分词短语修饰medium。　　参考译文在漫长的历史长河中，自从人类习惯了语言这种形式，它一直是最完整，最常用的文化交流媒介。　　经典例题301 It has long been assumed that aggression is caused by male hormones，but scientists today believe that male hormones are only part of the explanation，and they say aggressiveness in boys is also caused by mothers. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是It has long been assumed that…，but scientists today believe that…，and they say（that）…。but和and连接了三个并列分句。每一个并列分句中又有一个宾语从句。第一个并列分句It has long been assumed that…中that为真正的主语，it为形式主语，译成汉语时要加译泛指性主语“人们”;被动句aggression is caused by male hormones和aggressiveness in boys is also caused by mothers要用“是…所…”译成汉语被动句。　　参考译文长期以来，人们一直认为，这种进取精神是雄性激素所致。不过现在科学家们相信雄性激素只是部分原因。他们说，男孩子的进取心也是他们的母亲所致。　　经典例题302 The visual images are formed，in ways we do not understand，out of the signal or information reaching us from the environment. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是The visual images are formed…。介词短语in ways和out of the signal or information并列修饰主句。we do not understand为省略了关系代词that引导的定语从句修饰ways。reaching us from the environment为现在分词短语修饰the signal or information。被动句The visual images are formed译成主动句。　　参考译文视觉影像是通过我们从外界环境中接受的信号与信息而形成的，而这一过程是我们无法理解的。　　经典例题303 Last spring，a book was published telling the supposedly true story of an elderly millionaire who，at great expense，succeeded in producing a clone—an exact genetic copy of himself. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是a book was published…。现在分词短语telling the supposedly true story…修饰主语a book。who引导的定语从句修饰an elderly millionaire。an exact genetic copy of himself做a clone的同位语，进一步说明a clone。a book was published译成汉语的主动句，把主语a book作为汉译的宾语来翻译。at great expense意为“以很大的费用或代价”。　　参考译文去年春天出版的一本书记述了一个被人们信以为真的故事:一位年迈的百万富翁不惜重金成功地制成了和他本人一模一样的遗传复制人———克隆体。　　经典例题304 The class of universal statements that can be candidates for the status of laws，however，is determined at any time in history by the theories of science then current. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是The class of universal statements…is determined…by the theories of science….。此被动结构译成“的”字结构，即“是由…决定的”。定语从句that can be candidates for the status of laws修饰主语The class of universal statements。形容词current做后置定语修饰the theories of science，相当于the theories of science that are then current。candidate意为“可能有某种结局的事物”译成“有可能…”。　　参考译文然而，那些可能取得法则地位的带有普遍性的论断，是由特定历史时期流行的科学理论决定的。　　经典例题305 The separation of second_language learners from the main_stream classroom cannot easily be justified on educational grounds，since in practice it leads to both their curriculum and language learning being impoverished. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是The separation…cannot easily be justified…，since…。since引导原因状语从句。主句的被动结构be justified译成主动态“是可取的、有道理的”。impoverished原意为“使贫穷，使（力量、资源等）枯竭”，此处转译为“使…蒙受损失”。　　参考译文从教育学角度来看，很难说使第二语言学习者脱离正常课堂教学的做法是可取的，因为它实际上使教学安排和语言学习都蒙受损失。　　经典例题306 This change was greatly furthered by governmental food inspection（the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in1906），by the increasing use of mechanical refrigerators in the1920’s and1930’s and of freezers for frozen food during recent decades. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是This change was…furthered by…，by…。被动结构was furthered by译成汉语的主动句。句中的further是动词，译为“促进”。两个by引导的介词短语做主句的状语。of mechanical refrigerators和of freezers为the increasing use的并列定语。　　参考译文由于政府的食品检查制度（1906年通过了纯食品及药物法案）和二三十年代冰箱使用的增加，以及近几十年用于冷冻食品的冷冻柜的使用增加而大大促进了这一变化。　　经典例题307 In that interval，as we have mentioned earlier，home canning gave way to commercial canning，and the labor of housekeeping was lightened. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是…as…，home canning gave way to…，and the labor…was lightened。主句的两个并列分句由and连接。as引导状语从句，译为“如，正如”。词组gav 　　e way to意为“让位于”，转译为“发展成”。被动句the labor of housekeeping was lightened译成汉语的无主句。　　参考译文在这期间，如我们在前文所提到的，家庭制作罐头发展成为商业性的罐头制造，减轻了家务劳动。　　经典例题308 Indeed，there are many tasks undertaken by computers that could not be done without them，and we have reached the point that the benefits of computerization are taken for granted. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是there are many tasks…，and we have reached the point that…。这是一个并列复合句，前后两句由and连接。在前面的句子里，关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰tasks;在后面的句子里that引导的名词性从句是point的同位语从句。被动结构be done译成主动句，加泛指性主语“人们”。被动结构be taken for granted也译成主动句，译成“的”字结构，即“是理所当然的”。reach the point that意为“达到…程度、地步”。　　参考译文的确，电脑承担了许多在没有电脑时人们无法完成的任务，我们也到了认为电脑化带来的好处是理所当然的地步。　　经典例题309 Both the natural and the human economy are characterized by trade，by the division of labor，and by regulation，and both have witnessed repeated episodes of growth and contraction or stability as circumstances change and as economic players cause and adapt to these changes. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是Both the natural and the human economy are characterized…，and both have witnessed repeated episodes…。and连接两个并列句。前一个并列分句中有被动结构are characterized by译成主动句“的”字结构，即“以…为特征的”。后一个分句中有两个并列的as引导的状语从句。the division of labor译成“劳动分工”;regulation译为“管理，控制”。　　参考译文自然经济和人文经济都是以贸易，劳动分工和进行管理为特征的，而且随着环境的变化以及经济杠杆引起和适应这些变化的过程，这两者都经历了反复出现的增长，收缩或稳定事件。　　经典例题310 A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor，the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation，a real phenomenon in the late fifties. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是graduate students were driven…when…the intellectual poor became the classic poor，…。when引导时间状语从句。主句中的被动结构be driven仍译成被动句。句尾the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation为the classic poor的同位语，进一步说明the classic poor。the intellectual poor意为“有知识的穷人”，转译为“穷知识分子”。　　参考译文 50年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象，穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人，正是这个时候大批大学生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。　　经典例题311 This method of using“controls”can be applied to a variety of situations，and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as“Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?”and“Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?” 　　结构分析:句子的框架是This method…can be applied…，and can be used…。两个并列的谓语为被动结构，汉译为主动句，be applied译为“应用于”;be used译为“用于”。as widely different as…为形容词的比较结构做后置定语修饰questions，相当于…questions which（that）are as widely different as…。controls此处为名词，译为“（实验的）对照物，参照物”，不应译为“控制”。　　参考译文这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况，也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案，从“铁生锈，是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?” 　　经典例题312 The proof has since been tremendously strengthened，but Darwin’s own presentation was so convincing that serious scientific question was ended by his work. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是The proof has…been…strengthened，but Darwin’s own presentation was so convincing that…。but连接两个并列分句。后面的分句为so…that…结构引导的结果状语从句，译成“如此…以至…”。被动结构be strengthened直译成被动句;被动结构be ended by可译成主动句，主语serious scientific question做汉译的宾语，by后的名词his work译成汉语的主语，即“他的著作解决了科学上的重大疑问”。end转译为“解决”。　　参考译文从那以后，这种论证被大大地加强了，但是达尔文自己的论述是如此令人信服，以至他的著作解决了科学上的重大疑问。　　经典例题313 Then we must conserve these materials carefully in order to lengthen the time in which substitutes can be found，and means of recycling materials like copper can be perfected. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是we must conserve these materials…。介词in加关系代词which引导定语从句修饰the time。此定语从句中由and连接两个并列分句。两个分句的谓语be found和be perfected为被动结构译成主动句。means of recycling materials译为“循环使用材料的方法”。　　参考译文然而我们必须精心节约这些原料，以便延长能找到代用品并使铜这类原料循环使用的方法得以完善的这段时间。　　经典例题314 A common basic understanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration in all political and individual action. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是understanding…is needed to ensure that…。主句中的被动结构be needed译成主动句，加译一个泛指性的主语，因而译成“我们需要…”。that从句做ensure的宾语从句。　　参考译文我们需要对环境伦理学的基本理论达成共识，以确保对生命自然基础的保护成为所有政治与个人行为的重要关注点。　　经典例题315 Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original goal rushes were exposed at the earth’s surface and were found because they had shed trails of alluvial（冲积的）gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是the gold deposits…were exposed…and were found because…。两个被动态做并列谓语。be exposed译成主动句;be found直译成被动句。because引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个that引导的定语从句修饰alluvial gold。定语从句中的被动结构be traced by的主语为trails，汉译时做宾语。by后的名词短语simple prospecting methods译成汉语的主语。gold deposits意为“金矿”;gold rushes意为“淘金热”;shed意为“脱落、发散”;prospect在本句中是“勘探、探矿”的意思。　　参考译文在最早的淘金热中发现的大部分金矿都暴露在地表，它们之所以被发现是因为它们有沙金脱落的痕迹，简单的探测方法就能找到这种痕迹。　　经典例题316 The results of science are not certain，it is agreed，but they come close;they are not irrevocably proved by observation and experiment—that asks too much—but they are overwhelmingly supported by observation and experiment. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是The results…are not certain，…but they come close;they are not…proved by…but they are…supported by…。分号把全句分成两个并列部分。前半部分中，it is agreed做插入语，it为形式主语，翻译时需加译泛指性主语“人们”。they come close补充完整为they come close to certainty，译成汉语时需加译。分号后面部分中，they代指The results of science;that从句引导定语从句修饰observation and experiment;被动结构be proved by直译为被动句;be supported by译成主动句。　　参考译文人们一致认为，科学结论并非是肯定的，然而它们接近肯定。科学结论并未被观察和实验无可辩争地加以验证，这未免要求太高，然而它们还是得到了观察和实验的最大支持。　　经典例题317 Durkheim is today widely regarded as a model of theoretic and methodological sophistication，and is thus usually seen only in his capacity as a pure social scientist. 　　结构分析:句子的框架是Durkheim is…regarded as…，and is…seen as…。and连接两个被动结构做谓语。由于强调动作的承受者Durkheim，因而直译为被动句。sophistication是“复杂、精致”的意思。in his capacity意为“以…样的身份、地位”，译文为避免累赘而省去。　　参考译文如今涂尔干被广泛认为是复杂的理论和方法论的典范，因而通常仅仅被看成是一位理论社会科学家。　　练习　　What is it that brings about such an intimate connection between language and thinking?Is there no thinking without the use of language，namely in concepts and concept combinations for which words need not necessarily come to mind?Has not every one of us struggled for words although the connection between“things”was already clear? 　　（61）We might be inclined to attribute to the act of thinking complete independence from language if the individual formed or were able to form his concepts without the verbal guidance of his environment.Yet most likely the mental shape of an individual，growing up under such conditions，would be very poor.Thus we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language.This makes us realize to what extent the same language means the same mentality.In this sense thinking and language are linked together. 　　What distinguishes the language of science from languages as we ordinarily understand the word?How is it that scientific language is international?（62）What science strives for is an utmost acuteness and clarity of concepts as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data. As an illustration，let us take the language of Euclidean geometry and Algebra.They manipulate with a small number of independently introduced concepts，respectively symbols，such as the integral number，the straight line，the point，as well as with signs which designate the fundamental concepts.This is the basis for the construction，respectively definition of all other statements and concepts.The connection between concepts and statements on the one hand and the sensory data on the other hand is established through acts of counting and measuring whose performance is sufficiently well determined. 　　（63）The super_national character of scientific concepts and scientific language is due to the fact that they have been set up by the best brains of all countries and all times.In solitude and yet in cooperative effort as regards the final effect they created the spiritual tools for the technical revolutions which have transformed the life of mankind in the last centuries.Their system of concepts has served as a guide in the bewildering chaos of perceptions so that we learned t o grasp general truths from particular observations. 　　What hopes and fears does the scientific method imply for mankind?I do not think that this is the right way to put the question.Whatever this tool in the hand of man will produce depends entirely on the nature of the goals alive in this mankind.Once these goals exist，the scientific method furnishes means to realize them.Yet it cannot furnish the very goals.（64）The scientific method itself would not have led anywhere，it would not even have been born without a passionat 　　e striving for clear understanding. 　　Perfection of means and confusion of goals seem—in my opinion—to characterize our age.（65）If we desire sincerely and passionately the safety，the welfare and the free development of the talents of all men，we shall not be in want of the means to approach such a state.Even if only a small part of mankind strives for such goals，their superiority will prove itself in the long run. 　　答案　　文章大意: 人的心理发展和他的概念的形成很大程度上依赖于语言。思维活动和语言息息相关。科学为之奋斗的目标就是使概念之间的相互关系以及与感性材料的一致性尽可能地准确与清楚。科学方法正是使人类达到预期目标的途径。时间能证明，使人类能享有安全与幸福并且自由地发展其才干的科学方法是不缺的。　　（61）结构分析: 句子的框架是We might be inclined to…if the individual formed or were able to form his concepts without…。if引导条件状语从句。介词短语without the verbal guidance of his environment作状语。be inclined to意为“易于，倾向于”;attribute to在此句中意为“认为”。　　参考译文 :如果有人不用语言作为周围世界的向导，便已经形成或能够形成他的概念，我们就可能认为，思维活动完全独立于语言之外了。　　（62）结构分析: 句子的框架是What science strives for is…as regards their m 　　utual relation and their correspondence to sensory data。这是一个主从复合句。名词　　性从句What science strives for作主语。介词短语as regards their mutual relation a 　　nd their correspondence to sensory data作状语。as regards也作regarding，意为“关　　于”。sensory data意为“感性材料”。　　参考译文 :科学为之奋斗的目标，就是要使概念之间的相互关系以及与感性材料的一致性尽可能地准确与清楚。　　（63）结构分析: 句子的框架是The super_national character of scientific…is due to the fact that they have been…。that引导同位语从句，作fact的同位语。brain有多种解释，在此句中意为“人才”。　　参考译文 :科学概念和科学语言的超国界特性是由于各国最优秀的人才经历了不同时　　期而被确立的。　　（64）结构分析: 句子的框架是The scientific method itself would not have…，it would not even have been born without…。这是一个含双重否定的并列句。even表示递进。在第二个并列分句中not…without为双重否定。翻译时译成一个肯定的意思更贴切。　　参考译文 :科学方法本身不能导致任何结果。而且，只有充满激情地去努力寻找确切　　的理解，科学方法才会产生。　　（65）结构分析:句子的框架是If we desire…，the welfare and the free development…，we shall not be in want of…。if引导条件状语从句。desire的宾语被状语sincerely and passionately隔开。in want of相当于“in need of”，在此句中译为“缺乏”。approach在这作动词意为“靠近”。　　参考译文 :如果我们真心实意而又满腔热情地希望整个人类能享有安全与幸福并且自　　由地发展其才干，我们就不会缺少去达到这一境界的方法。 <上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] 5

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