2.代词指代关联：英语中为了保持上下文的连贯性同时又避免不停地重复某些词汇或内容，就往往采用代词指代前文提到的相关词汇或内容，因此，下文的代词必然在上文中找到指代对象，而且能够使上下文意思连贯、正确。

　　例1：In order to establish a more effective corporate management system, the board of directors are virtually racking their brains. Even though tons of plans are sketched out by various consultant firms, none seem to be satisfying enough. ___2___. But this huge project, said CEO of the company, will not be completed until next year.

　　[A] These have cost the company millions of dollars already and whether they will work is still up in the air.

　　[B] They are either failing to take enough human-feelings into consideration or to allow for too much emotion to get in the way.

　　[C] So they decided to use their so-called “old and rotten brains” to come up with a comprehensive, and satisfying-all-needs managerial plan.

　　[D] The president of the board, however ,seems to be quite optimistic that they can solve the problem in the near future.

　　解答：能让2处与上下文产生最佳关联的选项是C。C中的代词they和their指代上文中的directors，而下文提到的“this huge project”又是指代C中的“a comprehensive, and satisfying-all-needs managerial plan”。A选项中的these和they都用来指代上文中的plans，没有与下文的关联；B选项中的“they”也指上文中的plans，也没有与下文的关联。

　　例2： It would do a great deal of good if we started using the term ‘guide’ or ‘advisor’ instead of ‘teacher’ for those who try to help people learn foreign languages. It would emphasize that what learners need is individual attention. It would also remind everybody that the responsibility for learning is basically the students’. What the students needs is somebody who can do two things.

　　分析：在以上的段落中it出现了三次，第一次出现在文章开头，显然是形式主语；第二个和第三个都是用来指代上一句中提到真正的主语的内容，即“把帮助人们学习外语的人称作“向导”或“顾问”，而不是“老师”这种做法。

　　技巧点拨：以下是一些常考的代词及其指代内容。

　　they：往往用来指代上文中提到的可数的复数名词，多数指人；

　　ones：往往用来代替上文中提到的可数的复数名词以避免重复；

　　these、those：往往用来指代上文中提到的可数的复数名词，多数指物；

　　this、that、it：往往用来指代上文中提到的单数可数名词，多数指物；有时用来指代上下文中提到的某件事或某个概念或某种现象等。

　　another: 通常暗示在上文中必然谈到another 后面叙述的同样内容，比如，看到选项中包含句子“Another difficulty that we are facing right now is the lack of evidence”，必然在上文中寻找对其他difficulty进行论述的部分。

　　★小技巧：使用代词的选项通常都不能放在文章的开头位置，因为没有上文就不能找到指代对象。如果代词it一旦出现在全文的开头，那么它通常是用作形式主语，因此考生要尽力去准确找到真正的主语是什么内容。

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