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5.连词关联。连词是英语语篇中最常见的关联手段,而正是这些连词,使得上文和下文产生了语义上的转折、递进、并列、让步、条件的具体语义。因此,这个项目是最为纷繁复杂的内容,需要考生用心记忆并在大量阅读中仔细体会这些连词的含义对上下文意义的预示作用。
(1)…A…+but, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless等+ …B…:预示B的语义要在A的语义基础上发生转折,语义甚至会完全与A相反。
(2)or; and; as well; as well as; both… and … ; not only… but also; either…or…; neither…nor…等:预示连词前后的内容在语义上是一致的、并列的、或性质相同的。
(3)…A…+because; because of; due to; owing to; for the reason that; for; since; as; in that 等+B: 预示B的内容是A的原因。
(4)…A… +so; therefore; result in; lead to; consequently; as a result; as a consequence; for this/that reason; contribute to等 + B:预示B是A的结果。
(5)even though; though; even if; although; now that; +…A…, B:预示A与B之间是让步关系,即“虽然A,但是B”
(6)…A… +in order that; so that; so as to 等+…B…:预示B是A的目的。
(7)if; only if; unless; as long as; so long as; provided that; on condition that等+…A…, …B…:预示A是B发生或成立的条件。
(8)…A…+in fact; indeed; actually; particularly; in particular; more importantly; most important of all; what really matters is; as a matter of fact等+…B…:常常可能预示两种情况:第一,B的内容包含在A中,但是是A中最典型的,即二者是强调关系;第二,A的内容并不完全真实,B才是真正的情况,即二者是转折关系。
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