6.逻辑关联：

　　(1)主题关联：指上文和下文都是围绕同一主题展开的，这类关联往往由于主题的重复出现而呈现出关键词汇重现关联的特征。(例子详见基础训练篇Passage 18的第42题)

　　技巧点拨：这种类型的关联往往比较容易区分，通常情况下，全文只有某个段落在针对主题T进行叙述，而其他段落均没有涉及，就可以立即判定含有该主题T的选项只能放在该段落的空白处。当段落和选项出现以下特征时，常常可以考虑主题关联：

　　第一，以大写字母开头的专有名词，如UN, IMF等

　　第二，出现数字或货币符号，如$3 billion, ￥11.5 million,等

　　(2)一致关联：指上文和下文在逻辑上要保持一致，能够自圆其说。如，上文在就某种观点进行肯定论述，下文就要提供支持该观点的论据，或上文在就某种观点进行否定论述，下文所提到的内容也要否定该观点。但是一致关联很难单独出现，往往伴随关键词重现关联、同义转化关联、主题关联、代词指代关联等一起出现。(例子可以看对以上几种关联进行具体论述的部分)

　　(3)互补关联：英语当中，经常有一些词成对儿地出现，分别叙述一个问题的两个甚至多个不同方面，他们之间构成互补关联。当看到一个词的时候，应该立即想到另外一个词。

　　例：Matrix's first product is a memory chip—an easier design and manufacturing task than a full-blown microprocessor chip of the sort that provides the guts of a computer. __6.3__ That is well under a third of the price of comparable flash-memory cards. The principal disadvantage is that, unlike flash cards, it cannot be wiped clean for reuse. Matrix's chips can record data only once.

　　[A] But, while that solves one problem, it creates another. For making such a multistory chip is hard.

　　[B] But the real principal advantage of matrix's memory chip is cost. The 64 megabyte version, which can hold about two hours-worth of music, costs less than $10.

　　[C] For this obvious disadvantage, the multi-story chip is still under intensive research and experts say it still takes years before they are successfully marketed.

　　解答：能让6.3处与上下文产生最佳关联的选项是B。B选项提到了“principal advantage”，而下文提到“principal disadvantage”，二者谈论同一个事物的主要优点和缺点，构成互补关联；同时，B选项中提到cost，而下文提到price，构成同义转化关联。

　　技巧点拨：构成互补关联的内容通常都是一个事物的两个方面，而关键词汇往往是反义词，所以在准备考研中积累成对儿的反义词也是非常重要的。这些成对儿的反义词较多，常见的有：

　　advantage & disadvantage expensive & cheap the rich & the poor

　　developed & developing right & wrong rational & irrational等

　　(4)综述——分述关联：当上文对某种现象进行总括性说明，而下文进行举例论证或具体说明时，上下文的关系就是“综述——分述关联”。这种关联在议论文体和说明文体中经常出现。

　　例：Even as moralists and activists continue to debate homosexuality, many species casually practice it. 6.4 Human beings----a lot of them anyway----like to do it too, but of all the planet’s species, they’re the only ones who are oppressed when they try.

　　[A] So their arguments are comparatively pale in front of reality.

　　[B] Many have put different animals in the lab for experiments.

　　[C] Giraffes do it; goats do it, birds and dolphins do it.

　　[D] Even if some animals don’t, they only represent a minority.

　　解答：C选项与7.4处构成最佳关联。因为上文说“很多物种都在随便地进行着这种行为”，而C选项说“长颈鹿这样做，山羊这样做，鸟类和海豚这样做”，而下文提到“人类——很多人类——也喜欢这样做”，正好对上文的“很多物种”进行具体列举，构成了“综述——分述关联”。

　　技巧点拨：“综述——分述”关联常常在议论文中提出观点的地方出现：作者提出观点以后，为了支持观点，往往提出实例进行论证；也会出现在说明文中提出新的概念或下定义的地方：当作者提出某种新的概念或定义，为了帮助读者更好地理解，往往举出具体内容帮助说明。这种题目的综述部分往往出现在文章或段落的开头，而且综述往往采取定义式，即“A is B”或“A does B”的结构。而分述部分常常具有以下特点：

　　第一，常常包括举例或列决词汇，如for example, such as, like, for instance, take……as an example, a case in point is……, namely, that is, etc, and so on, 等等；

　　第二，常常采取相同的句式；

　　第三，常常出现特殊标点符号，如分号“；”

　　第四，常常有人名、地名等专有名词或表示类别的名词出现；

　　(5)具体——总括关联：是上面谈到的“综述——分述”关联的逆关联，也就是上文先进行具体论述，最后用一句话或一个段落进行总结。这种关联也多用于议论文体和说明问题当中。

　　例：__6.5__ Unforeseen events and accidents aside, the evidence is now strongly in favor of the appointment of internal candidates to succeed the departing chief executives of big companies. This should mean that boards which turn to outsiders should have to give shareholders compelling arguments for doing so.

　　[A] This could be made worse if the search drags on, like the long-drawn-out affair at Walt Disney. There Michael Eisner, its deeply entrenched boss, was forced to give up the chairmanship by dissatisfied shareholders in March and has said he will step down as CEO when his contract ends in September 2006.

　　[B] Even when succession planning works triumphantly, however, it can be undermined by accidents. McDonald's boss, Jim Cantalupo, died of a heart attack in April this year while attending a company convention. Within hours the board had replaced him with their pre-agreed successor: Charlie Bell, a 43-year-old Australian. But Mr Bell almost immediately had to undergo surgery for cancer from which he has not yet fully recovered.

　　[C] They found that, other things being equal, relay succession produces a significantly better financial performance than the alternatives—selecting an outsider, who inevitably lacks knowledge of the firm, or holding a competition between internal candidates.

　　解答：能让7.5处与下文产生最佳关联的选项是B。B选项说“麦当劳老板Jim在参加公司会议时死于心脏病；继任的Charlie没多久就不得不进行癌症手术，现在都没有完全康复”，而下文第一句就说“这些意想不到的事情和意外先放在一边不谈……”，正好概括了B叙述的情况，即“无法预见的意外”。

　　技巧点拨：“具体——总括”关联中的总括性内容往往出现在一段文字和一篇文章的结尾位置，而具体内容往往涉及人名、地名等专有名词。

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