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考试形式与试卷结构
Ⅲ.考试形式与试卷结构
1.答卷方式：闭卷、笔试。
2.考试时间：120分钟。试卷满分为150分。
3.题型：试卷一般可包括多项选择题、完形填空题、听力填空题、短文改错、书面表达等题型。
4.试题难易比例：试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题，以中等题为主。
Ⅳ.题型示例
一、多项选择题
(一)考查听力
M：Well, I wonder why the office is still not open.
W：But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eight.
1.At what time does the office open?
A.7：45. B.8：15. C.8：00.
M：It's Alice's birthday tomorrow.
W：Are you sure? I think it should be the day after tomorrow.
M：Well, let me see. Oh, I'm sorry. You're right. It is the day after tomorrow. Shall we buy her a present?
W：Yes, of course. Shall we give her some flowers?
M：Flowers are lovely. But I think it's better to buy her a nice box of chocolates.
W.Alice doesn't like sweet things. Didn't you know that?
M：You're right. Er...I know. We can give her a record. She loves music.
W：That's a good idea. Let's go to the music shop and choose one for her.
2.When is Alice's birthday?
A.The next day. B.The day after next. C.The day they had the talk.
3.What will the man and the woman buy for Alice?
A.A record. B.Some flowers. C.A box of chocolates.
【试题举例】
Good afternoon, everybody and welcome to this class on English words. I hope that all of you can hear me. If not, please let me know. I am Professor John Morris. I'll be your teacher for the next 13 weeks. As you can probably tell this is one of the most popular and crowded classes. Indeed, every time these courses are offered, this room is very full. Why is that? Well, in order to use the English language, it's very important to have at least a basic understanding of how words are formed. Just to mention one figure, and there are many. There are about one million words in English. If you are an English learner, you might wonder how you can possibly remember all of these words. Well, for one thing you don't have to. No native speaker exists who knows all of the words in the English language. Besides there are shortcuts. Shortcuts? Yes, for example, if you know how words are formed by using parts of words from other languages, such as Greek and French, you'll understand a good number of English words when you first come across them. Let me put it this way, knowing the rules will help you master a large number of words. This is probably the No. 1 reason why this class is so popular.
17.Where can you most probably hear this talk?
A. In a class of the English language.
B. In a class of the Greek language.
C. In a class of the French language.
18.How long does the class last?
A. 11 weeks. B. 13 weeks. C. 15 weeks.
19.What is “the shortcut” to learning words according to the speaker?
A. Taking more courses.
B. Reading basic words aloud.
C. Learning how words are formed.
20.Why is the class popular?
A. It is not offered each term.
B. It's taught by Professor Morris.
C. It helps to master some useful rules.
17. A 18. B 19. C 20. C
(二)考查语法和词汇知识
1.Paul doesn't have to be made ________. He always works hard.
A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying
2.I first met Lisa three years ago when we ________at a radio station together.
A. have worked B. had been working
C. were working D. had worked
3.She thought I was talking about her daughter, ________， in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
4.—When shall we meet again?
—Make it ________day you like; it's all the same to me.
A. one B. any C. another D. some
【试题举例】
(1)时态、语态
1.(2008年全国卷Ⅰ)—Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?
—Yes，since she________the Chinese Society.
A.has joined B.joins
C.had joined D.joined
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词since从句的时态。若该主句为现在完成时，其since从句为一般过去时。解答此题关键是补出答语中的主句(I have known she)省略了。
2.(2008年北京卷)No decisionabout any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.
A.will be made B.is made
C.is being made D.has been made
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态语态。A项为将来时的被动形式。B项为现在时的被动结构；C项为现在进行时的被动结构；D项为现在完成时的被动结构。本题的关键是句子的后半句“...until all the...”，直到所有的候选者都面试完，可知 decision 将要被作出。
(2)情态动词
1.(2008年重庆卷)—I can't find my purse anywhere.
—You________have lost it while shopping.
A.may B.can C.should D.would
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词表推测的用法。may have done和can have done都可以用来对过去事实进行推测，表示“可能已经”，只不过表示此意义时，can have done只能用于疑问句中。而C项should have done表示“本应该做而没有做”；D项would have done 表示“想做却没有做”。
2.—She looks very happy. She________have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It's not difficult after all.
A. should B. could C. must D. might
【答案】C
【解析】根据上文“She looks very happy.”可知她肯定是考试通过了才会这样高兴。must have done sth. 表示对过去肯定的推测，有“一定……”的含义。
(3)非谓语动词
1.(2008年四川卷)We had an anxious couple of weeks________for the results of the experiment.
A.wait B.to be waiting
C.waited D.waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：我们焦虑地度过了几周，等待着实验的结果。wait与主语是主动关系，故用“waiting” 表伴随。
2.________that she didn't do a good job, I don't think I am abler than her.
A. To have said B. Having said
C. To say D. Saying
【答案】B
【解析】根据句子结构，前半部分是状语，意思是“我虽然说过她没干好工作，但我并不认为自己比她能干”。“说她工作没干好”的动作发生在“认为”之前，因此使用现在分词的完成时。
(4)定语从句
1.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself，________can be very eyeopening and rewarding.
A. who B. which
C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】根据句型结构此处应为一个非限制性定语从句，且因引导词在定语从句中作主语并表示物，所以应该使用关系代词which。
2.After graduation she reached a point in her career________she needed to decide what to do.
A. that B. what
C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】根据句型结构这句是一个限制性定语从句，修饰point，引导词在这里表示处所或位置，在从句中作地点状语，因此应该使用关系副词where，意即“在这一点上她意识到她该决定做什么了”。
(5)状语从句
(2008年湖南卷)________the Internet is of great help，I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A.If B.While C.Because D.As
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词。此处意思是“尽管网络很有帮助，……”，选项中能表示让步的只有while，相当于although。其他选项都不能表示让步的意思。
(6)名词性从句
________parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children.
A. That B. Which C. What D. As
【答案】C
【解析】根据句型结构可知本句是一个带主语从句的复合句，what在这里相当于the things that，其他选项都不够完整或不合适。
(7)特殊句式
1.(2008年重庆卷)Only when I left my parents for Italy________how much I loved them.
A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize
【答案】D
【解析】既考查倒装句又涉及动词时态的判断。若“only”置于句首后面紧跟状语，则主句应该用部分倒装，即一般疑问句语序，由此判断A、B项错误。C项动词使用过去完成时态，表示realize“意识到”这个动作先于left“离开”发生，不合题意，所以不正确。
2.—You should apologize to her, Barry.
—________， but it's not going to be easy.
A. I suppose so B. I feel so
C. I prefer to D. I like to
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略现象。根据上下文可知回答者是同意向她道歉，但又认为这不容易。应使用“I suppose so”表示认可，使用so是一种省略，代替了一个句子。
3.It ________we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ________I found we had a lot in common.
A. was until; when
B. was until; that
C. wasn't until; when
D. wasn't until; that
【答案】D
【解析】考查强调句型。这句意思是“直到相处了几个星期后我们才知道我们有很多相似之处”，这句是not until的强调句型，结构为：It is/ was not until...that。
(8)情景交际
1.—Have you been wasting time on computer games again?
—________. I've been studying a lot and I need a break.
A.No way B.Not really
C.I don't agree D.I couldn't agree more
【答案】B
【解析】根据后面的回答“I've been studying a lot and I need a break.”说明后者不同意前者的问话，意思是他并没有真正浪费很多时间打电脑游戏而是学习很用功，故选择“Not really”。No way“没门”是断然拒绝对方的提议，“I don't agree”是反对对方的观点，“I couldn't agree more”是完全赞同对方的观点。
2.(2008年江西卷)—I think you’d better type this letter again before Mr.Smith sees it.
—Oh，dear!
A.Who cares? B.No problem.
C.I don’t mind at all. D.Is it as bad as that?
【答案】D
【解析】考查交际用语。前者说：我想你最好在Mr. Smith看见这封信之前把它重新打一遍。后者的答语前半段说： Oh, dear！(天哪！)，根据当时的情景，后面应该是说：Is it as bad as that? (有那么糟糕吗？)A.Who cares？“谁在乎呢？”B. No problem“没问题”； C. I don’t mind at all“我根本不在意”。均不符合当时的语境。
(三)考查阅读理解
We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn’t even lift her eyes from the book.Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down.While I watched，mouth open in surprise，Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold.She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop(拖把).She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up，Mum nodded and said，“Very dirty floors.”
“Yes，I’m glad they’ve finally decided to clean them，”the nurse answered.She looked at Mum strangely and said，“But aren’t you working late？”
Mum just pushed harder，each swipe(拖)of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall.I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.
After a long time Mum came back.Her eyes were shining.She quickly put the mop back and took my hand.As we turned to go out of the door，Mum nodded politely to the nurse and said，“Thank you.”
Outside，Mum told me，“Dagmar is fine.No fever.”
“You saw her，Mum？”
“Of course. I told her about the hospital rules，and she will not expect us until tomorrow.Dad will stop worrying as well.It’s a fine hospital.But such floors！A mop is no good.You need a brush.”
1.When she took a mop from the small room，what Mum really wanted to do was__________.
A.to clean the floor B.to please the nurse
C.to see a patient D.to surprise the storyteller
2.When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a __________.
A.nurse B.visitor
C.patient D.cleaner
3.After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?
A.It is a children’s hospital.
B.It has strict rules about visiting hours.
C.The nurses and doctors there don’t work hard.
D.A lot of patients come to this hospital every day.
4.Why did Mum go to see Dagmar in the hospital?
A.To give her some message about Dad.
B.To make sure her room was clean.
C.To check that she was still there.
D.To find out how she was.
5.Which of the following words best describes Mum?
A.polite B.patient
C.changeable D.clever
【试题举例】(2008年陕西卷)
This was no ordinary class. The students who came together were all science or engineering professors at Cornell University. They had interrupted their research to accept an invitation to take part in an unusual experiment: “an interesting week of poetry.” This class was part of a study to answer the questions: Why is science difficult for many nonscience students? What can teachers learn about teaching if they take a class that is not in their field?
The students in the poetry class listened to lectures and took notes. They had reading tasks and had to write three short papers. All students noticed one thing－the importance of spoken words. In science and engineering classes, the instructors put tables and drawings on the blackboard. But in this poetry class, the instructors just talked. They didn’t write anything on the board.
The scientists and engineers noticed one similarity between science and poetry. In both subjects, students need to find layers (层次)of meaning . Some layers are simple, clear, and on the surface; other layers are deeper and more difficult. This search for different levels of meaning doesn’t happen much in undergraduate(本科)science classes, but it is important later, in graduate school. And it is always important in humanities(人文学科).
Both the poetry instructors and their students learned something about teaching from this experience. One poetry instructor, for example, now sees the importance of using careful, clear definitions(定义) when he explains a poem.He also plans to be more informative as he teaches. Most of the scientists agreed on several points. First, humanities classes might help science students to see patterns and decide which information is important. Second, the poetry class was fun. One engineer decided, “We need to change the way we teach engineering to make it an enjoyable experience for students.”
But perhaps the most important result of the experience was this: All of the professors began to think about how they teach and how they can teach better.
49.What do we know about this unusual class?
A. The teachers did lots of writing on the board.
B. The teachers were invited to attend several lectures.
C. The students were professors from a university.
D. The students were studying science and humanities.
50. The experiment was designed to find out________.
A. how to teach the students in the science class
B. whether poetry is difficult for science students
C. what to be taught in the humanities class
D. why many humanities students find science hard
51. Finding levels of meaning is________.
A. important for graduate students in humanities
B. difficult for graduate students in humanities
C.common for undergraduate students in science
D. easy for undergraduate students in science
52. What did the science professors learn after the experiment?
A. They should change the way they teach.
B. A poem could be explained in clear definitions.
C.A poetry class could be more informative.
D. Their teaching was an enjoyable experience.
【文章大意】本文介绍了一堂不同寻常的课。
49. 【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一句可知本题选C。
50. 【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。由第一自然段的后两句可知本题选D。
51. 【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。由第三自然段的后两句可知本题选A。
52.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一自然段可知本题选A。
二、完形填空题
Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no __1__chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research __2__ her. They want to see how civilized(驯化)she can __3__. Already she does many things a human being can do.
For example, she has been learning how to exchange __4__ with people. The scientists are teaching her __5__ language.
When she wants to be picked __6__， Washoe points up with one finger.
She rubs her teeth with her finger __7__ she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.
Washoe has also been __8__ to think out and find answers to problems. Once she was put in a __9__ with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to __10__.
After she considered the __11__，she got a tall box to__12__.
The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a __13__ pole.
Then she climbed onto the __14__， grasped(抓取)the pole, and __15__ down the food with the pole. Washoe __16__ like a human, too. The scientists keep her in fully furnished house. After a hard __17__in the laboratory, she goes home. __18__she plays with her toys.
She__19__enjoys watching television before going to bed.
Scientists hope to__20__more about people by studying our closest relative chimpanzee.
1.A.foolish B.simple C. special D.ordinary
2.A.for B.on C.to D.by
3.A.experience B.change C.develop D.become
4.A.actions B.views C.messages D.feelings
5.A.human B.sign C.spoken D.foreign
6.A.out B.at C.on D.up
7.A.when B.until C.since D.while
8.A.trained B.raised C.ordered D.led
9.A.hole B.zoo C.room D.museum
10.A.pull B.see C.eat D.reach
11.A.problem B.position C.food D.ceiling
12.A.stand by B.stand on C.stand up D.stand with
13.A.straight B.strong C.long D.heavy
14.A.wall B.box C.ceiling D.pole
15.A.knocked B.picked C.took D.pulled
16.A.lives B.works C.thinks D.plays
17.A.task B.lesson C.time D.day
18.A.But B.There C.So D.Besides
19.A.quite B.already C.even D.still
20.A.see B.answer C.learn D.gain
【试题举例】(2008年上海卷)
Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and children keep healthy while playing with others. However, playing sports can have__50__effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor selfrespect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40 000 000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18 000 000 say they have been__51__at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad __52__of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.
Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main__53__of too much aggression in children’s sports. They believe children__54__aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback.Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that__55__is everything.Many parents go to children’s sporting events and shout__56__at other players or cheer when their child behaves__57__. As well, children are even taught that hurting other players is__58__or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured.__59__， the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.
As a society, we really need to__60__this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches__61__should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better__62__. They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to__63__themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured，this gives the message that__64__is not as important as winning.
50. A. restrictive B. negative C.active D. instructive
51. A. knocked B. glanced C.smiled D. shouted
52. A. impression B. concept C.taste D. expectation
53. A. resource B. cause C.course D. consequence
54. A. question B. understand C.copy D. neglect
55. A. winning B. practising C.fun D. sport
56. A. praises B. orders C.remarks D. insults
57. A. proudly B. ambitiously C.aggressively D. bravely
58. A. acceptable B. impolite C.possible D. accessible
59. A. By contrast B. In addition C.As a result D. After all
60. A. look up to B. face up to C.make up for D. come up with
61. A. in particular B. in all C.in return D. in advance
62. A. techniques B. means C.values D. directions
63. A. respect B. relax C.forgive D. enjoy
64. A. body B. fame C. health D. spirit
【文章大意】成年人的影响让孩子们的体育运动失去了应有的意义，他们互相谩骂，甚至为了胜利不择手段。解铃还须系铃人，成年人要以身作则，为孩子树立好的榜样。
50.【答案】 B
【解析】根据本句中的“However”可知表示的是意思的转折，由此可判断B项正确。
51. 【答案】D
【解析】本句中的“called names”表示“谩骂”可知D项正确。其余三项都与之不符。
52. 【答案】A
【解析】上一句提到很多孩子在进行体育运动时经常被训斥甚至挨骂，由此可知他们对体育运动的“印象”不好。后三项分别表示“概念”“品位”“期望”，都不符合所给语境。
53. 【答案】B
【解析】很多研究人员认为成年人，尤其是父母和教练，是儿童运动中存在大量侵略行为的主要“根源”。A项表示“资源”；C项表示“过程”；D项表示“结果”。
54. 【答案】C
【解析】上一句提到孩子的行为是受大人的影响，由此可知他们是在“模仿”有侵略性的成年人的行为。其余选项都与上文不符。
55. 【答案】A
【解析】根据上文中的内容可知成年人在向孩子传递“获胜就是一切”的信息。成年人之所以采用侵略性行为，目的就是为了获得胜利，由此可排除其余选项。
56. 【答案】D
【解析】上文提到的是成年人的侵略性行为，由此可知他们“侮辱”其他孩子。B项表示“命令”，不符合常识；C项表示“评价”，与上文不符。
57. 【答案】C
【解析】上文提到的是成年人在用自己的行为影响孩子，由此可判断此项正确。其余三项都是肯定意义，可排除。
58. 【答案】A
【解析】孩子甚至被教导伤害其他运动员是“可以接受的”。C项是可能的，因此不恰当；D项表示“可以进入的；能够接近的”，语意均不恰当。
59. 【答案】B
【解析】上文叙述的是成年人对孩子的不良影响，此处叙述的是媒体火上加油，由此可知表示递进关系。其余三项都与上文不符。
60. 【答案】B
【解析】根据上文可知作者对上述行为表示反对，所以要“面对”这个问题并采取措施。A项表示“尊敬”；C项表示“弥补”；D项表示“想出”，都不符合所给语境。
61. 【答案】A
【解析】上文叙述的是父母和教练的过错，所以他们“尤其”要为孩子树立良好的榜样。后三项分别表示“总计”“作为回报”“提前”。
62. 【答案】C
【解析】上文提到他们在用自身的侵略行为影响孩子，而此处是奉劝他们加以改正，由此可知是教育孩子要有好的“价值观”。其余三项都与上文不吻合。
63. 【答案】D
【解析】孩子们进行体育活动的目的只是为了“高兴”。前三项都不符合常识。
64. 【答案】C
【解析】孩子们进行体育活动的主要目的是为了增进健康，如果成年人让孩子在受伤的情况下继续比赛，他们会认为“健康”没有赢得比赛重要。
附2 2009年与2008年考纲差异
【导读】2009年考试大纲与2008年相比内容基本一致，只是“语法项目表”部分增加了“词类：名词、形容词、副词、动词、代词、冠词、数词、介词、连词、感叹词”项目。
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