动词的非谓语形式--不定式的句法作用

　　第五单元 动词的非谓语形式

　　不定式的句法作用

　　1.除了构成谓语(如与情态动词构成复合谓语)，不定式还可在句中用作：

　　1)主语：

　　To go or not to go is a question.去还是不去是一个问题。

　　It is not easy to learn English well.学好英语不容易。

　　2)宾语：

　　He decided not to go.他决定不去。

　　I’ll tell you how to do it.我来告诉你怎样做这事。

　　3)表语：

　　Her job is to look after the baby.她的工作是看孩子。

　　4)定语：

　　I have nothing to do.我没有事情做。

　　5)状语：

　　She often comes to see us.她常常来看我们。

　　有时可构成复合宾语(即作宾语的补语)：

　　She told me to come in.她要我进去。

　　2.不定式有时不带to：

　　I saw a man come into the room.我看见一个人走近屋来。

　　3.有时有被动(a)，完成(b)及进行形式(c)：

　　a. She likes to be praised.她喜欢受人赞扬。

　　He was glad to have been invited.他受到邀请很高兴。

　　b. I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.对不起给了你这么多麻烦。

　　c. She seems to be thinking of something.她似乎在想什么事。

　　Exercises:

　　1. 说出不定式在下面句子中的作用：

　　1) Father decided to give Mary a bicycle. ( )

　　2) He wants to go home. ( )

　　3) She likes to walk in the park. ( )

　　4) Your job is to wash the dishes. ( )

　　5) I went to town to buy some books. ( )

　　6) I’ll show you how to do the job. ( )

　　7) She was glad to see us. ( )

　　8) I have come to say good-bye to you. ( )

　　9) The best thing is to say nothing. ( )

　　10) I’ve come to help you. ( )

　　11) Give them something to do. ( )

　　12) He wants everybody to be happy. ( )

　　13) Let’s join them in the game. ( )

　　14) I have a question to ask. ( )

　　15) We had nothing to do last night. ( )

　　16) She asked me to sit down. ( )

　　2. 在下面句子中的谓语下划线：

　　1) Where are you going to stay?

　　2) We used to work in the same office.

　　3) You ought to go with them.

　　4) She seems to be a worker.

　　5) He was not able to come.

　　6) They are sure to succeed.

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