不定式作主语和宾语

　　不定式作主语和宾语

　　1.不定式(短语)常可用作主语：

　　To see is to believe.眼见为实。

　　To act like that is foolish.这样做是愚蠢的。

　　2.在很多情况下我们都把不定式往后移，前面用先行词it作形式上的主语，这样句子结构会显得更平稳。这时谓语可以是：

　　1)be＋形容词：

　　It’s difficult to learn English well.学好英语不容易。

　　2)be＋形容词＋for引起的短语：

　　It’s hard for me to answer.我很难回答。

　　3)be＋形容词＋of引起的短语：

　　It’s kind of you to think so much of us.难得你为我们这样着想。

　　4)be＋名词：

　　It’s our duty to do that.这样做是我们的职责。

　　5)其他形式的谓语：

　　How long does it take to get there?到那里需要多少时间？

　　3.不定式(短语)作宾语的时候极多，例如：

　　She is learning to swim.她在学游泳。

　　He promised to help us.他答应帮助我们。

　　4.有些动词后可跟一个带有连接副(代)词的不定式作宾语：

　　I don’t know how to answer.我不知道该怎样回答。

　　She will tell you what to do.她会告诉你该怎么做。

　　5.有时还可用it作形式上的宾语，把不定式放到后面去：

　　I don’t think it necessary to do that.我想这样做不必要。

　　He felt it his duty to point that out.他感到有责任指出这一点。

　　Exercises:

　　1. 在下面句子的主语下划线：

　　1) To smoke so many cigarettes is bad for your health.

　　2) It’s difficult to answer the question.

　　3) It’s nice to be with you.

　　4) It’s impossible to get there in two hours.

　　5) It’s our duty to help them.

　　6) How long does it take to get there?

　　7) It made her angry to hear that.

　　8) It isn’t right not to help them.

　　9) It is an honour to be invited to visit the country.

　　10) It’s easy to answer that question.

　　2. 在下面句子的宾语下划线：

　　1) She agreed to go there with us.

　　2) They decided to go there by train.

　　3) He promised to help us.

　　4) Do you wish to go there with us?

　　5) They will show you how to do the work.

　　6) I did not know how to translate the sentence.

　　7) Helen found it hard to get on with them.

　　8) Do you think it easy to learn English?

　　9) They considered it better not to go.

　　10) She felt it her duty to take care of the children.

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