做阅读一定要谨慎

　　同学们，大家在做英语四级六级阅读的过程中，是否有意识地去留心文章中的常考点呢？现在，新浪教育[微博]给大家介绍四六级阅读中常考的几大题型。

　　四六级阅读常考题型之一 —— 细节题

　　(1)细节题表现形式

　　这类题特点是题干的信息比较具体，考查文章中的重要细节。

　　例：What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants? (2011.6., cet6)

　　而原文出处如下：Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal (财政的)burden of immigration。

　　可以看到：题干中的high-skilled, better-educated employees的信息非常具体，和原文一致。

　　(2)细节题解题方法

　　A. 建议同学先看题干，后看文章。

　　B. 带着题干中的具体细节信息，在文中相应段落或句子，仔细研读。

　　C. 答案一定来自原文并要做一定的理解后，进行归纳或推理。

　　D. 切勿加入过多主观判断。

　　(3)真题示例：Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see。

　　57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?

　　A. She serves as a role model for African women。

　　B. She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady。

　　C. She will present to the world a new image of African-American women。

　　D. She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women。

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】细节归纳。由第2句可知，作者尤其对Michelle Obama能为身为非裔美国妇女的自己做什么而感兴趣(but for me as an African-American woman)，而接下来的两句解释了作者之所以这么感兴趣的原因：Michelle Obama将会让人们第一次有机会靠近和接触他们极少见到的非裔美国女性，也就是她将向世界展现出非裔美国妇女的一种新形象，故答案为C。

　　【误区排除】

　　A. 她成为非裔美国妇女的偶像 —— 文中说的是她将代表她们向世界展现新形象，而不是成为她们的榜样；所以这里千万不要加入主观意识。

　　B. 她身上有许多成为第一夫人的优秀品质 —— 文中未提及

　　C. 她将向世界展现出非裔美国妇女的一种新形象。

　　D. 她会密切关注非裔美国妇女的利益 —— 文中未提及

　　四六级阅读常考题型之二 —— 推断题

　　(1)推断题表现形式及应对方法

　　第一种：题干信息明示型。

　　一般这类推断题题干中会包含：suggest，imply，indicate，conclude，infer，learn from等。

　　出题形式：

　　We can infer / assume that…

　　It can be concluded from the passage that…

　　The author of the passage would most likely imply…

　　The passage suggests that…

　　It can be learned that…

　　应对方法：先看题干和选项，再回相应的原文，先理解后推理。

　　第二种：题干信息不明示型

　　应对方法：

　　1. 一定要再原文中找到依据，根据主题推理。

　　2. 注意与整篇文章的思想、风格等保持一致。

　　3. 选项设置往往是同义转化。

　　(3)真题示例：(题干明示型)At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? (2011.6, cet6)

　　52. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

　　A. Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists。

　　B. The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now it's a different story。

　　C. The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged。

　　D. The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration。

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】这里指出，美国大众绝大多数认为移民[微博]对经济的影响是不好的。然而，大多数经济学家却一致认为，不管是合法还是非法移民，都为经济带来了小幅的净增长。由此可见，对于移民经济的影响问题，大众多多数经济学家存在分歧，故答案为D。

　　例2：(题干不明示型)Some analysts(分析师) are less sure. Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied : “Not that I’m aware of 。” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive。” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be. (2009.6, cet4)

　　61. What does the author think of green fashion?

　　A. Green products will soon go mainstream。

　　B. It has a very promising future。

　　C. Consumers have the final say。

　　D. It will appeal more to young people。

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】文章中提到，Natalie Hormilla这样的消费者脑中现在还没有环保时尚的概念，接着最后一句通过but 转折指出，但是有了设计师、零售商和供应商的共同努力，有一天，环保时尚会进入消费者的头脑中(will be 后面省略了on her mind)，由此可推知，作者认为绿色环保服装前途光明，故答案为B，其中的future对应one day。

　　四六级阅读常考题型之三——主旨题

　　(1)主旨题提问方式

　　The author’s concern about sth is__________。

　　According to the passage, sth is

　　According to the author, sth is __________。

　　温馨提醒：主旨题虽然所占比例比较小。但是由于往往需要读完全篇才能做出答案，相对其他题型反而不易得出答案。所以，要想阅读满分或高分，对主旨题的把握，不可小觑哦~

　　(2)主旨题解题方法

　　大部分文章都有主题句(topic sentence)，主题句表达了文章的中心思想(main idea)，找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，“主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法。主题句呈现形式通常有以下几种：

　　A. 在开头出现；

　　B. 在结尾出现；

　　C. 在开头和结尾同时出现，首尾呼应；

　　有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。

　　(3)真题示例：We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores。(cet6, 2008.12)

　　According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______。

　　A. how to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents

　　B. how to help immigrants to better fit into American society

　　C. how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border

　　D. how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S。

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】主旨归纳题。原文提到：对于按照假想的种族优劣来排斥某些民众的愚蠢想法，我们早就已经非常熟悉。但是，我们并不了解如何才能使“美国化”这一进程对所有人都行之有效。由此推知，B正式作者最关心的问题。

　　【注意】主旨题一般都不会只根据某一句话就能做出题目。而是要根据几句话或者好几个点的文章知识汇总归纳后得出结论。所以，一旦察觉这道题是主旨题，不妨不要急着去做，先跳过，等读完全篇文章或做完所有题目再做主旨题。

　　希望以上的几种方法能帮助大家有效应对四六级考试中的阅读题型，多拿分，拿高分！