第十节 从句与一致关系

http://www.sina.com.cn 2008年01月18日 15:37   新东方

  第十节 从句与一致关系

  一、 名词性从句

  短文改错对名词性从句的考查侧重于连词的选择和从句的时态。

  1. 检查语序是否正确。

  2. 检查连接词是否误用。

  3. 检查是否漏掉了连接词, 尤其是主语从句和同位语从句中的that。

  4. 检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。

  5. 检查主语从句与谓语的数是否一致。

  6. 检查主语从句后置时, 作形式主语的it是否出现。

  7. 检查有无if与whether的误用。

  二、 定语从句

  定语从句的改错主要涉及关系代词、 关系副词的运用以及定语从句中的主谓一致问题。

  1. 判断关系代词及关系副词的使用是否正确。

  2. 判断先行词与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致。

  3. 检查关系代词的格的使用是否正确, 尤其是在关系代词作主语和介词前置时。

  4. 检查有无关系副词与介词重复使用的情况。

  5. 检查有无漏掉作主语的关系代词的情况。

  6. 检查非限制性定语从句的关系代词使用是否正确。

  7. 检查定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外, 是否还有多余的代词或副词。

  三、 一致关系

  1. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了语法一致的原则。

  2. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了意义一致的原则。

  3. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了邻近原则。

  练 习

  1. My roommate lives in a small town in central Missouri, a quiet town which I would like to live myself.

  2. The United States is composed of fifty states; two of those are separated from the others by land or water.

  3. What far is it from here to the station?

  4. They want to know how they can do to help us.

  5. —Who’s got all my money?

  —I do.

  6. You smoke again! Why not to give it up?

  7. These photos will show you how our village looks like.

  8. Someone is at the door. Who is he?

  9. —Those shirts are very expensive.

  —Do you know how they cost?

  10. —Who you think is the richest man in this town?

  —I think Mr. Kim is.

  注 释

  1. which → where, to live → to live in, live是不及物动词。

  2. of those → of which, those不是关系代词, 不可引导定语从句。

  3. What → How, what修饰名词, 而how修饰形容词、 副词, 用于感叹句。

  4. how → what, what作引导词, 同时作they can do中动词do的宾语。

  5. I do → I have.

  6. to give it up → give it up, why not其后接不带to的不定式。

  7. how → what, 从句中looks like中的like是介词, 提问的是like后的宾语。

  8. he → it.

  9. how → how much/what.

  10. who you think → who do you think, do you think是插入语, 去掉插入语, 应是陈述语序的疑问句。

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